How active are women in terms of their contribution to the socioeconomic set
Changes in a country can be determined in various ways and through the use of different
indices Some of the most used indices are women’s employment, their position in
political and social decision-making, educational level and “conquest” of new
activities
Serbia, like most Eastern European countries, which are in the process of
transition, has appeared in terms of the development of entrepreneurship, especially o
female entrepreneurship. Small or micro-enterprises have become an important actor in
growth and employment in these countries, although these potentials had not been
fully used. This unusual possibility has been especially linked to those women who,
Despite his high education and high participation in the labor market, he became
entrepreneurs twice as many as men. This difference can be noticed in all countries,
regardless of the degree of participation of small or micro-enterprises in their
savings.
Transition period that the economies of many countries are going through, very much reflected in
the loss of job security, which was considered the greatest achievement of socialist
and non-market economies. Instead, market movements in the labor market during
nineties, influenced many people to lose their jobs not only as technological surplus,
but also above all as an economic surplus. At the same time, job opportunities
declined, which was mainly reflected in the women’s workforce.
The unemployment rate for women was lower in Hungary and Slovenia compared to men,
but it was higher in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Romania. This was confirmed in
recent data from “Economic Survey of Europe”, 2002. The high rate of unemployment is in
Southeast Europe, such as Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia (40%) and Croatia
and Yugoslavia (between 22 and 26%).
The asymmetries between the sexes are noted in dismissals of workers, sector
changes in employment and opening of new jobs in the private sector. This could be
explained by the horizontal and vertical segregation of women’s jobs, but also with
women’s position in these male-dominated economies.
Consequently, for many women, self-employment is the only way to have the possibility of
get a paid job. That is, most women decide to work for themselves and
start a micro or small business, mainly due to the fact that this was the only
possibility of being employed, while the other reasons are much rarer. for example, like
those related to women entrepreneurs in developed market economies (desire for self-demonstration)
in business, the need for independence, the desire to achieve business ambitions,
make the most of free time and socialize more, etc.).
Computerization is evident in all business areas and means markets of the
1990s, and also influence the development of some entirely new occupations such as
webmaster, web designer, occupations related to creating computer graphics,
creations of computer games and the like, in which women also found their place.
However, in terms of new occupations, it is not always about new jobs, which appear
as a product of rapid technological changes and the expansion of computer technology.
It is about the “conquest” of some existing occupations that were reserved only for men by
women.
Statistical data from many countries, for example, showing that the highest growth of
The women’s workforce has been in these occupations for the past decade. This
The index is far behind in Serbia and Yugoslavia not only compared to developed countries
countries, as well as but also compared to developing countries. The cause of this
relatively low female labor force participation in these occupations and leadership
positions, in general, has been determined by many factors. mainly for economic reasons
and political factors that together influenced the general development of private life
business structure and the growth of the employment rate in it. therefore this reflects
on the rate of inclusion of women in business and managerial occupations in
Serbian. This can be supported by arguments with official statistical data, which show
that in a period of three decades (1953 to 1983), the rate of growth of employment in the private sector
in Serbia it was 2.2%, and according to the Statistical Almanac of the Republic of
Serbia, 2003. even lower data, 0.9%. Before the war in the former Yugoslavia, in Serbia
only 23,000 women out of 991,000 employed were employed in the private sector,
of 991,000 employed (data from 1990 according to the Institute of Statistics of the Republic, from
January 1991).
According to the same source, in that period 26,155 companies were registered in
Serbia, of which 17,293 were private. Most of them (7,418) traded
companies (7,418) while 1,519 were financial services and others. The newest data
of 2003 shows that there are 70,178 registered companies in Serbia, which is a
increase of 44,023 with respect to 1990. In addition, in the general structure of
entrepreneurial companies, men participated with 62.2%, while women participated
with 38.8% in 2003.
Of the total number of companies registered in 2003 (70,178), 96.2% of them were
small companies, 2.9% were medium-sized companies, while the percentage of large
companies were insignificant (0.9%). In general, 49.7% of the companies had retail trade,
automotive vehicle repair and others, while the transformation industry had (22.7%).
The fact is that small companies in Central Serbia got 74.5% of BNP, while Vojvodina
made 25.5%.
With increased capital inflows into Serbia and providing financial support to small
companies, as well as carrying out general reforms in the economy and society, a
you can legitimately expect a significant growth rate from private companies.
Under the new expected conditions, women’s businesses will have a greater contribution than
before. In addition, there will be conditions that allow the general improvement of
the position of women in society, which has in the economic misfortune of the country, in the
last decade has been in the most impacted segment of society. It is also expected that the
formation of a number of women’s organizations and their creation of networks similar to others
around the world, will contribute not only to better connections between women,
exchange of experiences and knowledge, but also to create a new space for
employment. In addition, microcredits for the development of women entrepreneurs
activities is also of great importance to increase the self-employment of women and the
reduction of their unemployment, which is the trend all over the world, especially
in countries in transition and developing countries.
Read more about this topic in the book Entrepreneurship: Theoretical and practical guide on all aspects of starting a successful small business (paperback), 306 pages, 2006. * ISBN-10: 8690372792, written by Prof.Dr. Mirjana Radovic Markovic, link http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/tg/stores/detail/-/books/8690372792/customer-reviews/203-4666790-5323945